Attractions of Kharkiv district

The Museum of the History of the Kharkiv Municipal Enterprise "City Electric Transport" was founded in 1976 to mark the seventieth anniversary of the enterprise. In 1978, it received the status of "People's Museum".

The exposition illustrates all stages of the development of electric transport in Kharkiv - from the first horse-drawn tram to the present. Photographs, documents, models of tram and trolleybus cars of Kharkiv that previously operated on routes, travel tickets of all times, composters are presented. You can also see a diagram of Kharkiv transport with promising lines in the museum.

The Kharkiv Fire and Technical Exhibition was founded in 1967. Has four branches: in Bohodukhiv, Izium, Kupyansk, and Lozova.

The exhibition, which presents exhibits from almost 200 years of the existence of the regional fire service in ten thematic halls, introduces the history of the Kharkiv region's fire service, the work of the modern State Emergency Service units, and allows you to gain knowledge that will help you act correctly in an extreme situation. The museum presents the uniform of firemen (chiefs of fire departments) of the past, old horse-drawn fire trucks, the uniform of firemen (chiefs of fire departments), special equipment, a signal bell that signaled an alarm, etc.

The Kharkiv Historical Museum is named after Mykola Sumtsov, a Ukrainian folklorist, ethnographer, literary critic and public figure.

It was on his initiative that the Museum of Slobidska Ukraine named after Hryhoriy Skovoroda was created in Kharkiv in 1920, which is where the history of the current museum began.

In Soviet times, the museum was located in the premises of the Holy Intercession Monastery, but in 2003 it finally moved to the building of the former pawnshop, built in 1908-1912 according to the project of architect Borys Korniyenko. During the reconstruction in 2021, a glass pavilion was added to it.

Currently, the stock collection of the Kharkiv Historical Museum includes more than 330,000 items. Archaeological finds from the excavations of Bronze Age settlements, a set of objects from the Ancient Rus period from the Donets Hillfort of the XI-XII centuries, numismatic collections, ethnographic collections, collections of weapons, flags, etc. are collected in four departments. In particular, the only Ukrainian hetman flag of the 17th century, which belonged to Ivan Mazepa and two other Ukrainian hetmans, is presented. Another key exhibit is the "Kharkiv Fortress" diorama, which shows the appearance of the city in the 17th century.

The outdoor area displays military equipment, including the British Mark V heavy tank from the First World War and the Soviet T-34-85 from the Second World War. The nearby metro station "Historical Museum" was named in honor of the institution.

The Kharkiv Holocaust Museum was established in 1996 on the basis of materials and documents from the personal archive of Larysa Volovik.

The museum`s exposition presents leaflets, posters of the occupation period, resettlement orders, various actions against Jews throughout Ukraine.

The names of 52 Righteous of the World - Kharkiv residents who saved Jews during the war, risking their own lives, are immortalized in the Kharkiv Holocaust Museum.

The mansion of the family of Kharkiv architect Oleksiy Beketov has been occupied by the Center for Science, Culture and Art "Kharkiv House of Scientists" since 1934.

Academician of architecture Oleksiy Beketov is considered a luminary among Kharkiv architects. In his work, he gravitated towards classical architecture, although he worked mainly in the Art Nouveau style. During more than half a century of work, he built about 40 buildings in Kharkiv, which largely determined the current architectural appearance of the city.

His own house in the former Myronosytskyi Lane is particularly elegant. The date of the start of construction - 1897 - is carved on the frieze under the pediment. The eclectic architecture of the building uses the forms of ancient Greece of the Hellenistic era. To the right of the entrance on the second floor there used to be a loggia, the entablature of which was supported by three caryatids. Multi-figure high-relief inserts are placed above the windows of the first floor. The second floor is framed by a colonnade of the Ionic order.

The ceremonial hall is decorated with stucco molding and a painted ceiling on the ceiling by the artist Mykola Uvarov. The dining room is painted in the style of ancient Russian terems by the artist Mykhaylo Pestrykov. Beketov's office is decorated with carved oak.

A central wooden staircase with carved oak handrails, lit by a large stained-glass window, connects the rooms.

The Kharkiv airport began operating in 1932 after the completion of the construction of the "Osnova" airfield and the airport's service buildings.

In 1933, he was given the name of Pavo Postyshev. In 1936, Kharkiv Airport was recognized as the best airport in the USSR. In the pre-war years, it was an independent self-supporting unit directly subordinated to the Main Directorate of Civil Aviation. Air routes leading to the Crimea and the Caucasus pass through the airport. The largest passenger plane of those years - the six-engine giant P-124 (ANT-20bis) made a landing in Kharkiv on its way to Mineralny Vody airport. In 1941, a concrete runway was built at the airfield. With the beginning of the Second World War, the personnel of the airport became part of the Kyiv and Kharkiv special air groups of the Civil Air Fleet.

The existing airport terminal was built in the post-war years according to a typical project developed by the Moscow Research Institute "Aeroproject" in 1951 (architects Elkin, Kryukov, Mitkevych). This project was applied in Lviv, Sverdlovsk (now Yekaterinburg), Chelyabinsk and other cities of the USSR. The construction of the airport began in 1951, and its opening was dedicated to the pompous celebration of the 300th anniversary of the reunification of Ukraine with Russia. From the outside, the building of the air terminal is distinguished by the increased grandeur characteristic of the "Stalinist" architecture of the 30s - 50s. The central entrance is decorated with an eight-column portico with a high parapet of a complex outline. An elegant octagonal turret with a slender tent and a spire topped with a gilded wreath rises above the building. The interiors are richly equipped with stucco architectural details and paintings.

In 2010, a new international terminal "A" was opened, and the old one was reconstructed and turned into a VIP passenger service terminal.

Kharkiv Literary Museum was opened in 1988 in an old mansion of the beginning of the 20th century.

The core of the collection consists of exhibits from the 1910s-1930s from the archives of Ivan Dniprovsky, Mariya Pylynska, Andriy Chernyshov (autographed books, correspondence of writers, photographs, personal belongings), original paintings by Kharkiv avant-garde artists (Nina Kosareva's collection), copies and originals of documents , which were transferred to the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine (Khotkevych's criminal case, Les Kurbas's passport, etc.), memorial exhibits "Vaplite" and others.

In addition to exhibitions, tours and interactive programs, Litmuseum offers events in the evening hours: presentations, cultural discussions, meetings with artists, master classes.

RUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN WAR

On the night of March 1, 2025, as a result of the Russian attack on Kharkiv, the building of the Kharkiv Literary Museum suffered significant damage.

The Kharkiv Municipal Gallery began its activities in 1996 and became the first gallery of municipal status in Ukraine. The main direction of activity is work with contemporary Ukrainian artists.

In its exhibition policy, the gallery combines programs and exhibitions of masters of traditional painting, graphics, sculpture, photography with projects of contemporary art, new media. Artists of the gallery: Borys Mykhaylov, Vitaliy Kulikov, Viktor Hontariv, Serhiy Bratkov, Viktor Sydorenko, Pavlo Makov, Vachahan Norazyan, Eduard Yashyn, Oleksandr Ridniy, Hanna Ivanova, Volodymyr Kochmar and many others, as well as a team of young authors: Alina Kleytman, Anton Tkachenko, Artem Volokitin, Vitaliy Kokhan, Hamlet Zynkivskiy, Hanna Bykova, Konstyantyn Zorkin, Olena Polyashchenko, Olha Fedorova, Roman Minin.

The gallery has two exhibition spaces: the main hall (more than 100 square meters) and the ARTbasement (140 square meters), which specializes in youth and experimental art.

Kharkiv National University named after Vasyl Karazin is one of the oldest and largest universities in Eastern Europe.

It was founded in 1805 as Kharkiv Imperial University. The initiator was the outstanding scientist and educator Vasyl Karazin, whose name the higher educational institution bears today.

Count Severyn Potoski became the first trustee of the university, he formed the teaching staff. Initially, the university was located in the Governor General's house, later it was moved to new buildings on Svobody Maidan.

Over two centuries, Kharkiv University became the center of Ukrainian national cultural revival, played an important role in the development of modern Ukrainian science and culture, and turned Kharkiv into one of the leading intellectual centers of the country. Today, 15,000 students study at 20 faculties of Kharkiv National University.

The University includes the Botanical Garden, the Museum of Nature, the Museum of Archeology and Ethnography, the University History Museum, "Landau Center", "Yermilov Center", Henrikh Semyradsky Art Gallery.

From the first days of Russia's large-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022, Russian forces bombarded Kharkiv. Karazin University, which is one of Kharkiv's landmarks, was no exception to Russian missiles and projectiles. Some of its hulls are badly damaged. By the beginning of 2023, 25% of the university buildings have been destroyed.

The State Museum of Nature of the Vasyl Karazin Kharkiv National University is one of the oldest museums in Europe. It was founded by Count Severyn Potocki in 1807, who in 1806 bought a collection of foreign objects collected by Professor Andre from the Hanoverian pharmacist Gruner, and in 1807 - the zoological collection of the Italian Chetti.

In 23 halls of the museum there are scientific expositions of four departments: geology, invertebrates and vertebrates, evolution of the organic world and nature conservation. The exhibits in the halls are demonstrated not only in the form of systematic collections, but also in the form of biogroups and spectacular dioramas equipped with audiovisual means, and are distinguished by high quality artistic design. The scientific funds of the museum store more than 250 thousand exhibits.

The Kharkiv Planetarium was opened in 1957 on the initiative of the prominent astronomer Mykola Barabashov.

The "Middle Zeiss" apparatus is installed in the hall, which allows, in addition to the starry sky, to demonstrate other celestial phenomena.

The museum of cosmonautics and ufology (the science of the existence of extraterrestrial civilizations) works at the planetarium. Presented are four-meter figures of aliens, models of flying saucers made on the basis of eyewitness accounts, photographs of UFOs.

Kharkiv Zoo is the oldest in Ukraine. The Kharkiv Zoological Garden was founded in 1896, when an exhibition of domestic animals and birds was organized on an area of 2 hectares rented near the University Garden. Later, the exhibition was replenished with wild animals, which were delivered to Kharkiv by residents of the surrounding villages.

In 1906, the construction and equipment of the main building of the aquarium was completed. In 1911, the South Russian Acclimatization Society decided to set up a zoo in Kharkiv, which became the third largest zoo in the Russian Empire. At the expense of the Society, winter premises and summer enclosures were built, wild animals and birds were purchased, some of which came from the Askania-Nova reserve.

During the Soviet-Ukrainian war at the beginning of the 20th century, the zoo was destroyed. In 1921, it began to be restored, and within a year, the capital's (at that time) Kharkiv Zoo was again open to visitors. In 1928, a whole echelon of animals arrived from Germany, including a lion, leopard, llama, kangaroo, mongoose, monkey, parrot, white-cheeked kazakh and many others. Swans, pelicans and about a hundred other species of waterfowl were brought from Transcaucasia. A pond with an area of 2,400 square meters was built in the ravine for geese, swans, flamingos and other aquatic animals. In the 1930s, a "mountain enclosure" with artificial slides was built, where turus, gazelles, and mouflons lived in conditions closest to natural ones. An elephant house, a monkey house, an aviary, pens for ungulates were built.

During the Second World War, most of the animals died, the zoo was rebuilt on an almost empty site. A new aquarium, winter quarters for large animals, pools for fish and waterfowl were built, and tens of thousands of trees and shrubs were replanted. During the time of the reforms, there were problems with financing and feeding the animals, and their number decreased somewhat.

Now it is one of the most favorite leisure places of Kharkiv residents - adults and children.

The noble estate of the Kulykovsky family in Rokytne is called the pearl of classicism.

The estate with a palace and a park was established at the end of the 18th century by the Kharkiv colonel Matviy Kulykovsky, after he married the widow of the former owner of the Rokytne Lipetsk centurion Chernyak. The palace was rebuilt in its current form by his son Mykhaylo Kulykovsky, the leader of the Valkiv nobility.

A luxurious two-story manor house with loggias is decorated with a colonnade in the Doric style. A stable, a kennel, an aviary, a greenhouse and a water mill were built on the territory of the manor. A magnificent garden with terraces and ponds was laid out around the palace.

After the death of the owner of the manor, his daughters lost the estate in Rokytne, and in 1880 it passed to the treasury. The wing was dismantled for building materials, but the main house was preserved - later a horticultural school was opened in it. Today it is the Rokytne Professional Agrarian Lyceum.

The building of the Land Bank in Vilshany was built in 1912 (according to other data - in 1903).

Architecture in the Art Nouveau style. Currently, the building houses the village council of Vilshany.

The LandauCenter Educational Center of Vasyl Karazin Kharkiv National University was created in 2014 on the initiative of the university community and the Association of Alumni, Teachers and Friends of the University as the first exhibition space for interactive science and scientific discoveries in Kharkiv.

The LandauCenter exhibition hall is one large laboratory in which visitors can conduct experiments, work with devices and try themselves as scientists. Here you can try out an air cannon and fly a sailboat, discovering the laws of physics; think about creating sounds, playing the piano, in which you can "see music"; you can see the largest "Tesla transformer" in Eastern Europe, which gives discharges of up to half a million volts, "Jacob's ladder", "Ames room"; you can try on glasses to see the world as it is perceived by people with vision problems, as well as try to overcome obstacles and perform certain tasks in a wheelchair.

"LandauCenter" is a permanent exhibition of unique exhibits created by university scientists, as well as temporary exhibitions dedicated to a specific topic - physics, anatomy, optics, mathematics, etc. It hosts events in interesting botany and zoology, archeology, biomechanics, experimental chemistry and physics, geometry, astronomy, computer science, robotics, and even philology, psychology, ethnography, and local history.